A Guide Book of United States Coins: Numismatist’s Bible

“A Guide Book of United States Coins,” often hailed as the numismatist’s bible, is an essential resource for collectors. Packed with detailed listings, historical insights, and pricing, it empowers enthusiasts to make informed decisions about their coins.

A Guide Book of United States Coins: Numismatist’s Bible

A Guide ‍Book of United States Coins: Numismatist’s Bible is‍ not just⁢ a ⁣book—it’s⁤ a treasure map ⁤for‍ anyone⁢ with⁤ a penchant for⁣ the shiny and a ⁢budget for the ​elusive! Whether you’re a seasoned collector ‍who speaks ‌fluent ‘coin’, or ​a novice who’s still⁣ fumbling with that ⁢pesky ‍penny, this guide⁤ will unveil the secrets of the numismatic universe ⁢with ‌a mix of humor and ​professionalism. Dive ‍into a⁣ world ⁢where each coin tells a story and​ every ⁣dollar​ is‍ a potential goldmine. Forget the dry⁢ textbooks—this‍ “Bible” provides witty⁤ insights and invaluable knowledge to help ​you navigate the‌ fascinating realm of U.S. coins. After all, why settle for “change” ​when ⁢you​ can⁢ strike it ‌rich with‌ the right knowledge? Buckle⁣ up and get ⁤ready to flip ⁣through ⁤the pages of numismatic heaven!

Understanding the Significance of ⁤the Guide Book for ‌Coin ⁢Collectors

Understanding ⁣the Significance of the Guide Book for Coin Collectors

For both‌ novice and seasoned⁢ coin enthusiasts, a comprehensive guide book ⁤serves as an indispensable tool‍ in‍ navigating the complex world ⁤of‌ numismatics. Not only does it ‌provide ‌in-depth ⁤information on various coin ⁢types, ⁤but it also plays a crucial ⁣role in helping collectors understand the historical context, rarity, and value of their pieces. The significance of ‍this guide ⁢book‌ can be seen in several key areas:

  • Educational⁣ Resource: ⁣It ‌offers detailed‍ descriptions of coins,⁤ including minting techniques, ⁤historical ⁢significance, and variations ⁢within series.
  • Market Insights: With regular updates on ⁣pricing and⁢ market ⁣trends,‍ collectors⁢ can⁣ make informed‌ decisions on buying, selling,‌ or⁣ trading ‌their coins.
  • Preservation ⁣Tips: The guide includes best ‍practices for storing and handling coins, ensuring ⁢their condition remains pristine ‍over ⁢time.

Furthermore, ⁤the meticulous⁤ organization of ‍information‍ within the book is essential for collectors’ ability ⁤to reference necessary details ⁤quickly. The structured layouts and⁤ visual aids enhance comprehension, ⁢making complex topics accessible. For collectors ⁣striving for completeness in their​ collections,⁢ the guide also includes:

Coin Type Year Minted Rarity Level
Lincoln Penny 1909-S V.D.B. Very Rare
Quarter Eagle 1846 Rare
Buffalo ‍Nickel 1937-D 3-legged Highly Sought ​After

The guide book not only⁢ enriches a collector’s knowledge⁢ but ​also enhances their appreciation ‍for‍ the art and​ history behind each coin,⁣ transforming mere hobbyists into ⁣informed aficionados of numismatics.

Exploring the‌ Structure and⁢ Features of ⁤the Guide ⁣Book

Exploring the ‌Structure⁢ and Features‍ of the Guide Book

The renowned ‌structure of this guide book is meticulously organized⁢ to cater to both​ novice enthusiasts and ⁣seasoned collectors. Each ⁢chapter delves into ⁤different aspects‌ of⁣ American ⁣coinage, seamlessly combining historical context with practical‍ information. You’ll discover:

  • Detailed Coin Listings: ⁣Comprehensive⁤ descriptions ⁢and valuations for ⁣coins​ from various eras, making it ⁢easy ‍to identify ⁣and assess your⁤ collections.
  • Visual​ Aids: ‌High-quality images and‌ diagrams that provide‍ clarity on designs‌ and ⁤mint marks, vital for ‌accurate ‌identification.
  • Market ‌Trends: Insights into current market values and collecting trends, empowering readers ⁢to ​make⁣ informed decisions.

Additionally, the‌ guide features helpful resources​ such ⁢as:

  • Glossary​ of Terms: An extensive glossary⁤ that clarifies numismatic​ terminology, ensuring‌ readers are⁤ well-versed in the ⁢language of coin collecting.
  • Appendices: Rarely​ found ⁤reference materials including historical⁣ timelines, minting ‌locations, and grading ⁣scales.

Feature Description
Coins ⁤by‍ Era In-depth ​analysis​ of coins ‍from Colonial times to modern ​issues.
Collecting Tips Expert advice on how to start ‌and grow your⁤ collection successfully.

This ‌structured and⁢ feature-rich guide not only serves as an essential tool for ‌coin identification and‌ valuation but also as ​an engaging narrative that ​captures the rich history⁣ of ‌the United States through​ its coinage.

Key Updates and Changes in the ‌Latest Edition

Key Updates ‌and Changes in the Latest Edition

In the ‌latest edition, ​a myriad of enhancements​ has been introduced, making it an‌ essential reference ‌for both novice⁤ and seasoned‌ numismatists. Here are some ‌of the most significant updates:

  • Expanded‍ Content: ⁣ The book now features over 200 new coin varieties, providing deeper‍ insights into ‌unique collectible ⁤pieces.
  • Updated Valuation ‌Charts: Valuation tables ⁤have been meticulously revised ‍to reflect current market trends and prices, ensuring that readers possess the‍ most⁢ accurate ‌financial information.
  • Enhanced Photographic ⁢Quality: ‍High-resolution ‌images⁣ accompany detailed descriptions, ⁣allowing collectors to visually compare coins side-by-side.
  • Expert Contributions: ⁤New sections penned by leading numismatists ⁢offer​ valuable insights, tips, and ⁤perspectives on rare finds.

The layout has also seen‌ a transformation for ease of navigation:

Section Detail
Introduction Refined narrative with ⁣an overview⁣ of the​ numismatic journey.
Coin Collecting Basics Revamped‌ for beginners with illustrative guides.
Advanced Techniques In-depth ‌strategies​ for seasoned collectors.

These ​improvements aim to empower​ readers by ​enhancing their understanding ‌and appreciation⁤ of ‍U.S.‍ coins. Whether you’re‍ looking ⁣to​ establish a new collection ⁤or deepen your existing knowledge, this edition stands as a‍ comprehensive resource.

Essential Tips for Using the Guide⁣ Book Effectively

Essential Tips for Using the Guide ‌Book⁣ Effectively

To fully harness the‍ wealth of information ‌contained within​ the guide book, here are several strategies that⁢ can enhance ​your coin-collecting journey:

  • Familiarize Yourself ⁢with the Layout: Spend some⁤ time⁢ getting⁤ to know the book’s structure. Understanding how the sections ​are organized—by ‍coin type, historical period, or​ region—will save‍ you time and effort when searching for​ specific information.
  • Utilize‌ the⁢ Glossary: ⁣ Coin jargon can be ⁣daunting. Refer to the ‌glossary for definitions ⁣of terms that may be unfamiliar. This‍ will ​help you engage more deeply with ⁣the content and⁣ better understand‌ the nuances of numismatics.
  • Take Notes: As you read, jot down important discoveries, ​personal insights, or⁢ questions that arise.‌ This can⁢ create a personalized reference ⁢that you can ​revisit, fostering deeper engagement‌ with the⁣ material.

In addition⁣ to​ these tips, consider⁢ establishing a systematic‌ approach to your⁤ research:

Step Description
1. Set Goals Define⁣ what you aim to achieve—whether it’s completing a specific collection or learning more about a particular ​era.
2. Schedule Regular Study Time Consistency is key. Allocate a weekly time slot where you can​ dive ⁢deeper into⁣ your​ guide book.
3. ‍Join ‍Collectors’ ⁣Groups Engage with ⁤fellow ​numismatists ⁢to enrich your understanding and ​share insights gained ⁢from the book.

By ⁣applying these tactics, ⁤you⁣ will not only maximize your understanding of U.S.⁤ coins but also nurture a lifelong ⁤passion for this‍ fascinating ‍hobby.

Navigating Coin‍ Grading and Valuation

When diving into the ⁣world of ‍coin⁢ collecting, one of‍ the most critical skills to master is understanding grading and valuation.⁤ Grading provides a ⁢standard by⁤ which⁤ coins ⁢can be assessed based on ​their condition,⁣ while valuation helps determine their monetary worth. Both ​aspects are essential ⁢for collectors, whether you‌ are building ​a ‌personal collection or​ seeking investment opportunities.

Coin ⁤grading follows a structured ​system, ⁢often utilizing the Sheldon Scale, which ‌ranges ‍from ​one ⁣to seventy. Here’s a ‍brief ​overview of ⁣the grading categories:

  • Poor (P-1) ⁤ – No⁢ details visible, heavily worn.
  • Good (G-4) ​- Major details visible,​ but ⁢heavily ⁤worn.
  • Fine (F-12) – Moderate ​wear; all major⁤ features are⁤ defined.
  • Very Fine (VF-20) ⁢- Light ‌wear; most ⁤details sharp.
  • Extra Fine (XF-40) – Slightly worn; ⁤all​ details⁤ sharp.
  • Uncirculated (MS-60 to⁤ 70) – No wear; ⁤mint condition.

Valuation, on the⁤ other⁤ hand, takes ‌into account not just the grade, but also‍ the rarity, demand, and market trends. For practical valuation, ‌consider these factors:

Factor Impact⁢ on Value
Rarity Higher rarity typically increases ⁤value.
Market​ Demand Increased collector interest boosts ⁣prices.
Cultural‍ Significance Coins tied⁣ to significant events ⁤often ​command premium prices.

By understanding ​these principles⁣ of grading and‌ valuation, collectors can effectively assess ​their coins and make informed decisions in​ the marketplace. As⁤ you embark on your numismatic journey, honing these skills will⁤ empower⁢ you⁤ to‌ navigate the complexities of coin ‍collecting with confidence.

Diving into Popular⁣ Coin Types and Their Historical ​Context

The United⁢ States ⁤has a rich tapestry ‌of⁢ coin ⁣types,​ each with its own story to tell. Exploring these ‌coins offers ⁢a ⁢fascinating⁣ glimpse into the nation’s history, economy,⁤ and ⁢cultural evolution. From the iconic **penny** to ​the elegant⁣ **gold eagle**,⁤ the extensive variety‍ of coinage​ reflects ⁢the changing values and societal shifts of its time.

  • Penny (One Cent Coin): First minted in 1793, this ⁢small ⁤but‌ significant coin has undergone various redesigns, most notably⁤ the switch from ‌the large cent‌ to the smaller penny in‍ 1856.
  • Nickel‌ (Five Cent ⁤Coin): Introduced in 1866, the nickel has featured ‍notable designs such as the Indian Head‌ and the Jefferson nickel,​ capturing pivotal eras in American history.
  • Dime (Ten⁢ Cent ‍Coin): Known⁤ for its ⁢compact size, the dime celebrates figures⁤ like FDR through its modern design,⁢ providing insight into both societal values and economic ⁣conditions.
  • Quarter ​(Twenty-Five⁢ Cent Coin): The quarter⁣ has become ⁤a ‍showcase of American culture, with designs ranging from⁢ the classic Washington quarter to the ‌innovative 50 State Quarters⁢ program launched ⁢in 1999.
  • Half Dollar (Fifty ​Cent⁤ Coin): ‍ Its larger‌ size makes it a rarer ‌find in ‍circulation​ today, ⁣but coins like ‌the‍ Kennedy⁤ half dollar ‌carry emotional weight and‌ commemorate ​significant moments⁤ in ‌history.
  • Gold⁤ and Silver⁣ Coins: ‍ Historically, coins⁢ made ​from precious metals served ‌as a⁣ significant⁢ medium for trade. The ‌**American Gold Eagle** and **Silver Eagle** remain popular choices for both ​collectors ⁢and ‍investors.

Coin‌ Type Year First Minted Notable⁣ Features
Penny 1793 Redesigns⁣ including Wheaties and Lincolns
Nickel 1866 Indian Head, Jefferson⁢ portrait
Dime 1796 FDR design, thin ⁣and practical
Quarter 1796 State Quarters,⁤ commemorative designs
Half Dollar 1794 Kennedy ‍tribute coin
Gold ‍& Silver Eagles 1986 Investment ​and collectible value

Recommended Accessories‌ and Tools for Enhanced Collecting

Enhance your ⁣coin ⁣collecting experience with the⁣ right accessories and ⁤tools. A well-equipped numismatist not only possesses a keen‌ eye for detail but also ⁣the⁢ right arsenal to protect and display their‌ treasures. Here are some essential​ items to consider:

  • Coin Holders and Albums: Protect your coins‌ from‍ tarnishing and damage ⁤by using high-quality holders or albums designed⁤ specifically⁢ for numismatic collections.
  • Magnifying Glass: ​ A good magnifier‍ allows you to inspect coins closely, revealing⁤ mint marks, die varieties,‌ and ‌other minute details that can significantly ‌impact value.
  • Scale: A ​precision⁢ scale can help​ you determine​ the weight of coins,​ which⁢ is⁣ essential for identifying counterfeit pieces ‌or ⁣confirming authenticity.
  • Tongs: Always use tongs to​ handle coins to⁢ avoid ​oils from ‍your skin damaging their⁣ surfaces.
  • Light Source: Proper ⁤lighting can make a world of difference when ‍observing the⁣ nuances of coin ‍designs and how⁤ they⁢ capture light.

Consider organizing‌ your collection with a​ setup that includes ⁤not just⁤ protection but also ease ‍of⁢ access. ⁣Here’s​ a table ‍summarizing some top-rated tools with their benefits:

Accessory/Tool Benefits
Coin‌ Holder Prevents physical ‌damage, clear visibility
Magnifier Detailed ⁣inspections ⁣for grading
Precision Scale Ensures ‍accurate ‌weight measurements
Tongs Safely ‌handle coins⁤ without harm
LED Light Illuminates ‍coins for better viewing

Investing in these accessories⁢ will not only​ protect‍ your collection but also enhance your enjoyment ⁢and knowledge of each coin. Remember, the right tools ‌can turn a good ​numismatist ⁢into a⁣ great one.

Getting‍ Involved: Joining the Numismatic Community

Getting Involved: ‍Joining‍ the ​Numismatic Community

Joining the vibrant numismatic community‍ is an enriching experience that opens doors to a ⁤world of history, art, and investment.​ As you ‌embark on ⁢your journey, ‌consider engaging with others ⁣who share your ‌passion for coins and ‌currency. Here are some avenues ​to explore:

  • Coin Clubs: Joining a local ⁤or national coin club can provide invaluable networking opportunities. These clubs‍ often host meetings, seminars, and ‍coin shows⁣ where members​ can exchange knowledge⁢ and trade coins.
  • Online Forums: ⁣ Participate in online numismatic forums and social media groups. ​Platforms​ such as⁣ Reddit​ and dedicated numismatic websites offer discussion boards where you can ask questions, share​ experiences, and connect with collectors around the globe.
  • Conventions and Expos: ‍Attend coin ‌conventions and ​expos to‌ meet other collectors and dealers. These events often feature‍ auctions⁤ and ⁣educational sessions that can enhance your ⁣understanding⁣ of coin valuation ⁣and market trends.

To deepen ‌your involvement, ‍consider becoming a member⁢ of influential numismatic organizations such as the American⁣ Numismatic Association‍ (ANA) or the ⁣Professional ⁢Coin Grading⁢ Service (PCGS). These institutions offer⁤ resources⁣ such as ⁢publications, educational programs, and authentication⁤ services⁢ that ​can help enhance your collecting skills.

Type ⁤of Involvement Benefits
Join a Coin Club Networking, trading, and‌ group activities
Participate in Online Forums Access to a ‌global community and diverse expertise
Attend Conventions Direct exposure‍ to the market and opportunities to buy/sell
Membership in Organizations Resources, publications, and⁤ certification

Preserving ⁢Your ⁢Collection: Tips ‍for Coin Care and Storage

Preserving Your‌ Collection:⁤ Tips ⁣for Coin⁣ Care and ⁤Storage

Taking the right steps ​to ⁣care⁣ for your coin collection is crucial for ⁢preserving ⁤its⁢ value‍ and integrity. **Proper handling** is‌ the first‍ line ​of defense⁤ against wear‌ and tear; always hold ⁤coins by⁣ the⁣ edges to avoid fingerprints⁢ on ⁤the ‌surfaces. Here‍ are some essential tips for‍ maintaining ⁣your prized possessions:

  • Use gloves: ⁣Wearing cotton or nitrile gloves can‌ prevent oils⁤ from your skin from tarnishing coins.
  • Clean with care: Avoid harsh cleaning chemicals. If⁤ necessary, ⁣rinse coins with distilled water ⁣and⁤ gently pat ⁢them ⁤dry.
  • Avoid stacking: For‍ storage, use soft holders or capsules. Stacking can lead to scratches or‍ other damage.

In⁢ terms of ⁣storage, your ‌coins ⁤need ⁤a safe and⁣ appropriate environment. ⁤Humidity⁤ and temperature fluctuations can negatively impact their condition.‌ Consider the ‍following ‌storage solutions:

Storage Option Description
Albums Great for‍ display; ensure⁤ they are acid-free to prevent damage.
Coin Capsules Protective and⁣ allow‍ for easy visibility; ideal⁣ for high-value ⁣coins.
Safe‍ Deposit Boxes Provides high⁣ security for ⁤expensive ⁣pieces; ​consider using a⁤ climate-controlled ‌box.

By implementing these‍ practices, you not only‍ protect your ​coins but ⁣also‍ enhance their longevity, ‍ensuring ⁣that future generations can⁢ appreciate your collection as much as you do.

Maximizing Your Collecting⁣ Experience with‍ Additional Resources

Maximizing Your Collecting Experience with Additional Resources

To truly ‍enhance your coin⁤ collecting journey, diving⁣ into a wealth of​ supplementary​ resources can significantly‍ elevate your understanding and enjoyment‍ of numismatics. Beyond basic guides, consider exploring ‍the following avenues:

  • Online Forums ‍and Communities: Join‍ platforms ⁤like CoinTalk ‌or Reddit’s Coin Community to ⁢connect with fellow⁤ collectors, share ⁢insights, and ask questions.
  • Books and Publications: Expand your ⁤library with niche publications​ focusing on​ specific eras or ⁣types ⁢of coins. ‍Titles such‌ as The Official ‌American ​Numismatic Association Grading Standards ‌ can provide ⁢essential guidelines on ‍assessing ⁣coin‍ conditions.
  • Workshops and Webinars: Engage⁢ in ​hands-on experiences ‌offered by local coin clubs⁣ or online seminars covering ‌topics⁢ like ⁣grading, authentication, and historical context.

Additionally, utilizing digital tools can ⁢streamline⁣ your collecting experience:

Resource Description Benefits
Mobile ‌Apps Apps ‍like Numismatica allow for easy coin⁤ identification and valuation. Convenience ⁤and on-the-go‌ access ⁣to essential data.
Price Guides Annually updated ​resources provide ‍current⁣ market values. Ensures you stay​ informed on⁢ your collection’s worth.
Social‍ Media Groups Follow​ numismatic pages⁢ and groups on ⁢platforms like ‌Facebook​ and Instagram. Stay updated with trends, auctions, and‍ community events.

By leveraging these resources, ⁢you can deepen your appreciation for ‌the art​ and history ⁢behind​ the coins you ‍collect, making it a more rewarding and enriching experience.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q&A: ⁤A ​Guide ⁣Book of United States ​Coins – ‍The⁣ Numismatist’s Bible

Q: What is ⁤”A ​Guide ⁢Book of United States Coins,” and why is it ⁢considered the “Numismatist’s Bible”?

A: ⁣ “A Guide Book of United⁤ States Coins,” often referred to as ⁣the “Red Book,” is a ‍comprehensive resource for numismatists—those who collect ⁢or ‌study⁢ coins. First published in⁣ 1946, it‍ provides essential information ​about U.S. coins, including historical​ context, design, mintages, ⁤and current values. ‍Its detailed approach ‍and vast​ information make ​it an indispensable tool​ for ⁣both novice and seasoned collectors‍ alike, which is why the numismatic community ⁤affectionately ⁣refers to it as the “Bible.”


Q: ⁤What types of ​information ‌can ⁣a ⁤reader expect to find in⁢ the book?

A: ⁤Readers can expect​ a⁣ treasure trove‍ of information! The book contains‍ detailed ‌descriptions of ⁢every U.S. coin, including rare coins, commemoratives, and ⁤proof sets. Each entry typically ⁤includes data on mintages, ⁢market values, and ​historical ‍background. Additionally,⁤ the guide features photographs for visual reference, grading standards, and‌ insights⁢ into‌ the coin market, ‌making‍ it‍ both ⁤informative and ​practical.


Q: ​How frequently is the book updated,‍ and why is that ​important?

A: The “Red Book” is⁣ published annually, ‌which is crucial for ⁢staying abreast ​of market ⁣trends and values,‍ as the coin market⁢ can fluctuate significantly from year ⁤to year. ‌Regular updates ‌ensure that collectors ⁢are equipped ‌with the most accurate ⁢and relevant information, thus allowing them to ⁤make informed decisions when buying, selling, or trading coins.


Q: ‌Is ⁤this ⁢book‌ suitable⁣ for beginners, or is it more for experienced ​collectors?

A: Absolutely! ​While it provides valuable insights ⁢for experienced​ numismatists, ‍the “Red⁣ Book” is also‌ written in a ‍way that ‍is accessible to beginners. Many ⁢first-time collectors find it to​ be an ⁤excellent starting⁢ point to⁢ understand⁣ the basics of coin collecting.⁤ The ⁢clear explanations ⁤and helpful descriptions facilitate learning, making the book a go-to resource ‍for ⁢those new to the hobby.


Q: What are ‌some of ​the ‍unique features that⁤ set ‌this guide ⁤apart ⁤from other numismatic publications?

A: One‍ of the standout features of ‍the “Red Book” is its comprehensive nature—it covers both common ⁢and rare coins in‌ one volume, which‍ isn’t easy‌ to ​find elsewhere. It also includes details on ​coin values based on actual sales ‌data and​ offers ⁤insights ‌on grading coins, ​which is essential for any collector. Additionally, ⁤the historical⁢ anecdotes and stories ​associated⁣ with various​ coins add a rich context ‍that​ many other guides miss.


Q: ⁤How can someone ⁢best utilize “A Guide Book of United⁢ States Coins” in their‍ coin⁤ collecting journey?

A: To get the most out‌ of the⁢ “Red Book,” collectors should reference ‍it‍ regularly, using it to identify coins in‍ their‌ collections as well⁢ as to assess their market values. It can also‍ serve as a research tool‌ for understanding the background of particular coins, helping inform buying decisions at auctions or shows. Additionally, engaging in the ⁢community through ‍forums or local coin ‌clubs ⁤while using the ​book can greatly enhance the ⁣learning experience ⁤and ​provide practical insights into collecting.


Q: Where can I purchase “A⁣ Guide Book‍ of ​United States Coins”?

A: The “Red Book” is widely available through various outlets, including major bookstores, online retailers like‌ Amazon, and‌ numismatic ⁢specialty stores. You might also find it at coin ⁤shows and conventions,‍ which can⁢ be a great way to support local vendors while⁤ securing ⁤your copy.


Q: Is there an online version or any supplementary resources that accompany the book?

A: While the⁤ physical book is the most popular format, there are also digital ⁣and mobile versions available for purchase, which can be a convenient option for collectors⁤ who prefer reading⁣ on their devices.⁢ Additionally, some websites and online forums offer supplementary content and updated market⁤ trends,‌ complementing the​ wealth⁣ of knowledge found in the “Red Book.”‌ Engaging​ with these resources can enhance your understanding ⁤and enjoyment ⁢of ⁢coin ⁣collecting.


Feel free to reach⁢ out if you have more questions or ‌need ‌further⁣ details ‌about⁣ the “Red Book” or any other aspect of numismatics!

In Summary

“A Guide⁣ Book of United States⁢ Coins”⁢ is more than just ⁣a reference⁣ manual—it’s ⁢an⁤ essential​ companion for anyone passionate about​ numismatics. Whether ⁢you’re a seasoned collector or just starting your journey, this comprehensive resource equips you with ‌the knowledge and confidence to navigate the fascinating‌ world of American coins.‌ From their historical ⁣significance ‌to practical grading tips, every page ‍is⁢ filled with ‌insights that illuminate the value ⁣behind​ each piece. So,⁢ grab your copy, ⁤dive into the ⁤rich tapestry of⁤ coin collecting, ⁢and let your passion ⁣flourish. After ⁤all, every coin tells a story—it’s time ⁣to ‌unlock their⁣ secrets!

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